Angular Cheilitis: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

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Angular cheilitis, commonly known as angular stomatitis, is an inflammatory condition affecting the corners of the mouth. It's characterized by painful cracks and fissures, making simple activities like eating and talking uncomfortable. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and available treatments is crucial for managing this condition effectively.

What is Angular Cheilitis?

Angular cheilitis manifests as inflammation at the corners of the mouth. The affected areas may appear red, swollen, and cracked. In severe cases, crusting, bleeding, and even ulceration can occur. The condition can be acute, resolving within a few days or weeks, or chronic, persisting for longer periods.

Symptoms of Angular Cheilitis

  • Pain or discomfort at the corners of the mouth
  • Redness and swelling
  • Cracks and fissures
  • Crusting
  • Bleeding
  • Burning sensation
  • Itching

Causes of Angular Cheilitis

Several factors can contribute to the development of angular cheilitis. Identifying the underlying cause is essential for effective treatment.

Common Causes

  • Infections: Fungal infections, particularly Candida albicans (the yeast responsible for thrush), are a frequent culprit. Bacterial infections can also play a role.
  • Nutritional Deficiencies: Deficiencies in certain vitamins and minerals, such as riboflavin (vitamin B2), iron, and zinc, can increase the risk.
  • Irritation and Allergies: Chronic lip licking, excessive salivation, and allergies to products like lipsticks or toothpaste can irritate the corners of the mouth.
  • Poorly Fitting Dentures: Dentures that don't fit properly can create folds at the corners of the mouth, trapping moisture and promoting infection.
  • Weakened Immune System: Conditions that compromise the immune system, such as HIV/AIDS or diabetes, can make individuals more susceptible.
  • Dry Mouth: Conditions that cause dry mouth can increase the risk.

Treatment Options for Angular Cheilitis

The treatment approach depends on the underlying cause. A healthcare professional can accurately diagnose the condition and recommend the most appropriate course of action.

Medical Treatments

  • Antifungal Creams: If a fungal infection is present, antifungal creams or ointments are typically prescribed. Common options include clotrimazole and miconazole.
  • Antibacterial Ointments: For bacterial infections, antibacterial ointments like mupirocin may be recommended.
  • Topical Steroids: In cases of severe inflammation, topical corticosteroids can help reduce swelling and discomfort.
  • Nutritional Supplements: If nutritional deficiencies are identified, supplements containing riboflavin, iron, or zinc may be prescribed.

Home Remedies

  • Good Oral Hygiene: Keeping the mouth clean and dry is crucial. Gently wash the affected area with mild soap and water, and pat dry.
  • Barrier Creams: Applying a barrier cream, such as petroleum jelly or zinc oxide ointment, can protect the corners of the mouth from further irritation and moisture.
  • Avoid Irritants: Identify and avoid any potential irritants, such as certain lipsticks or toothpaste.
  • Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water to prevent dry mouth.

Prevention of Angular Cheilitis

Preventing angular cheilitis involves addressing potential risk factors and maintaining good oral hygiene.

Preventive Measures

  • Maintain a Balanced Diet: Ensure adequate intake of vitamins and minerals, especially riboflavin, iron, and zinc.
  • Practice Good Oral Hygiene: Brush your teeth regularly and keep your mouth clean and dry.
  • Address Dry Mouth: If you experience dry mouth, consult a healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment options.
  • Properly Fitting Dentures: If you wear dentures, ensure they fit properly.
  • Avoid Lip Licking: Break the habit of frequently licking your lips.

Angular cheilitis can be a painful and bothersome condition, but with proper diagnosis and treatment, it can be effectively managed. If you suspect you have angular cheilitis, consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice and care. Early intervention can help prevent complications and promote healing.